Design and Performance Analysis of a Compact Multiband Microstrip Antenna for 5G and IoT Applications

Abstract

The swift surge in the development of the fifth-generation (5G) wireless systems and Internet of Things (IoT) devices has generated a powerful demand of small-sized low-profile antennas that can operate across various frequency bands into a single design. To address these needs, the design and performance analysis of a small multiband patch antenna made on a microstrip are introduced in the current paper and designed to work with the frequency of 5G and IoT at sub-6 GHz. The suggested antenna is made on an FR4 substrate and allows the use of U-shaped and L-shaped slots on the radiating patch to generate several resonant frequencies, and defected ground structure (DGS) is used to improve impedance matching and bandwidth. The antenna will be optimised to work at 2.4 GHz, 3.5 GHz and 5.8 GHz, including important communication frequencies (Wi-Fi, 5-G and IoT). The critical parameters of performance including; return loss (S11), voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR), radiation pattern, gain, and efficiency are then assessed by running electromagnetic simulations through relatively standard simulation tools. These findings suggest that the antenna attains a value of return losses that is below -10 dB and value of VSWR that is lower than 2 and at all the working bands effectively indicates excellent correspondence to the impedance matching. The antenna also has stable radiation properties with average gain and acceptable efficiency so it can be used in miniature wireless equipment. The fundamental design features include an easy fabrication, simple structure, and well-respected multiband functionality, which renders the solution a potential design in the upcoming applications of wireless communication in the next generation.